Difference between revisions of "Words and Sounds"

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There are several terms often used to describe a cymbal. Find below several of the most used ones. (This is a work in progress)
 
There are several terms often used to describe a cymbal. Find below several of the most used ones. (This is a work in progress)
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== Describing Sounds ==
  
 
*ATTACK -The response rate of the cymbal. Some models are faster (more attack) than others.  
 
*ATTACK -The response rate of the cymbal. Some models are faster (more attack) than others.  
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*DARK - Low-pitched, warm tones that combine for a 'dark' response that blends into surrounding music. HH models, including the Dark Crash, feature dark, traditional tones.  
 
*DARK - Low-pitched, warm tones that combine for a 'dark' response that blends into surrounding music. HH models, including the Dark Crash, feature dark, traditional tones.  
  
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*DEFINITION - The amount of response given in response to being hit with the stick's tip. A cymbal will seem to have less definition if there are lots of overtones. (generally a thin cymbal). Generally a cymbal gets more definition the heavier it gets, due to the weight creating less overtones. "Stick Definition" is a synonym.
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*DRY - A minimum of tone ensures a very definite stroke response.
  
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*FAST - Rate of response when the cymbal is struck: how fast or slow it makes a sound and how that sound decays. A smaller or thinner cymbal responds and decays faster than larger, heavier models.
  
*DEFINITION - The amount of response given in response to being hit with the stick's tip. A cymbal will seem to have less definition if there are lots of overtones. (generally a thin cymbal). Generally a cymbal gets more definition the heavier it gets, due to the weight creating less overtones. "Stick Definition" is a synonym.  
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*FUNDAMENTAL - The predominant or main sound within the overall response of a cymbal. A Dark Crash produces a fundamental sound that has a relatively low, warm, rich tone.
  
The shorthand way to refer to a bronze alloy is the amount of tin is mixed in with the main metal ingredient, copper. So B8 is 8% tin to 92% copper, and B20 is 20% tin to 80% copper. Note that the proportion of tin can vary up or down a bit from the ideal ratio and the alloy still meets the specification. According to Paul Francis the acceptable range of tin for a B20 alloy is 18.5% tin to 21.5% tin. B23 seems different enough to earn a different name. Maybe B25 deserves a different name as well. We will have a close look within the separate alloy sections.  
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*GLASSY - Clear, shimmering response. Often clean and smooth -- like glass.
  
The Brass and Nickel-Silver alloys do not fit into this shorthand naming Bxx for bronze because they don't use tin.  
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*PARTIALS - The overtones or series of pitches produced in addition to the fundamental. Every cymbal will have a different percentage of highs, lows and mid-range partials.
  
The easiest way to determine the alloy of an unknown cymbal is visually. Yes different alloys vary in color, L to R Tin % 8, 8, 10, 20
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*SUSTAIN - The duration of the sound before it decays. Bigger cymbals sustain longer than smaller models.
  
[[File:alloy-colors.png|652x253px|L to R Tin % 8, 8, 10, 20]]
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*TIMBRE - The general sound characteristics of a cymbal. Pronounced TAM-ber, or TIM-ber.
  
However, the colour may be difficult to judge in photographs. This is especially true if it is just one cymbal and the photo is taken under unknown lighting conditions. It is recommended that when trying to identify a cymbal that it be done in person. Comparing to a cymbal of a known alloy is helpful if one is not familiar with the hues of the different alloys. Here are a few examples of the ways in which colours can present differently for cymbals made from the same alloy. Cleaning changes the color as well.  
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*TRASHY - Raw and dirty responses associated with chinese cymbals and some special models.  
  
<gallery>
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*WARM - A softer response that focuses on a blend of low-pitched, musical tones.
File:Paiste-B8-colors-small.jpg|B8 pair with different colors
 
File:B15-color-changes.png|Two ads same B15 cymbals
 
File:B8-half-cleaned.png|Cleaning changes color
 
</gallery>
 
  
Results from laboratory tests are more reliable and informative then color, but harder to come by.
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== Describing The Cymbal's State ==
  
==  B20 Alloy ==
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*DING / FLEABITE - Damage caused to the edge of the cymbal. This can be the result of a drop, or coming into contact with force.
  
B20 (CuSn20) tends to have a silver or white colour hue. It is more pale than either the B15 and B8 alloys. The copper in the alloy will oxidize when exposed to the three necessary ingredients: moisture, salts, and oxygen. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patina Patina] is viewed as a good thing or a bad thing by different owners. A more extreme from of oxidation called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_disease Bronze Disease] is not so welcome, but seldom seen on cymbals.  
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*KEYHOLE - Used to describe a mounting hole of the cymbal being out of round. Some keyholes are so bad that a metal grommet might be used to keep the damage from worsening. This is caused by the mounting hole coming into direct contact with the metal post of the cymbal stand. To avoid this condition, always use a cymbal sleeve, and inspect these often for wear.
  
Examples of B20 cymbals: A Zildjian, K Zildjian, Sabian, Paiste, Meinl, et al. Not all series, but most manufacturers have B20 offerings.
 
  
Test results on bronze cymbals: There are 24 tests on bronze cymbals which fall into the expected range for tin from 18.5% tin 21.5%. A further 7 cymbals came out with tin in the range 21.5% to 21.94% (so a little high). A further 4 cymbals were at the 22% tin level, and one Zildjian A Custom came in at 17.53% which is an anomalous low reading. Setting aside the one A Custom reading most of the Turkish / American alloys are testing out right around 20% Tin as expected (average 20.4%). Most Chinese cymbals (Stagg, Meinl Dragon) come in at 21% - 22% so a little above the other source countries represented (American, Swiss, Canada, Turkey)
 
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
File:alloy-block-stamp.png|microstructure of A Zidljian (mid 50s block stamp)
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File:Keyholed Cymbal.jpeg|Keyhole
File:alloy-trans-stamp.jpg|microstructure of A Zidljian (early 50s trans stamp)
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File:alloy-az-modern.png|microstructure of A Zidljian (modern)
 
File:alloy-Fo602.png|microstructure of Paiste Formula 602 (early 70s)
 
File:alloy-mehmet.png|microstructure of Istanbul Mehmet (modern) B21
 
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>

Revision as of 14:56, 29 January 2023

Glossary of Commonly Used Terms

There are several terms often used to describe a cymbal. Find below several of the most used ones. (This is a work in progress)

Describing Sounds

  • ATTACK -The response rate of the cymbal. Some models are faster (more attack) than others.
  • BRIGHT - Sounds that are high-pitched; they offer increased cut.
  • CUT - The ability of the sound - usually high-pitched or loud - to cut through the surrounding music.
  • DARK - Low-pitched, warm tones that combine for a 'dark' response that blends into surrounding music. HH models, including the Dark Crash, feature dark, traditional tones.
  • DEFINITION - The amount of response given in response to being hit with the stick's tip. A cymbal will seem to have less definition if there are lots of overtones. (generally a thin cymbal). Generally a cymbal gets more definition the heavier it gets, due to the weight creating less overtones. "Stick Definition" is a synonym.
  • DRY - A minimum of tone ensures a very definite stroke response.
  • FAST - Rate of response when the cymbal is struck: how fast or slow it makes a sound and how that sound decays. A smaller or thinner cymbal responds and decays faster than larger, heavier models.
  • FUNDAMENTAL - The predominant or main sound within the overall response of a cymbal. A Dark Crash produces a fundamental sound that has a relatively low, warm, rich tone.
  • GLASSY - Clear, shimmering response. Often clean and smooth -- like glass.
  • PARTIALS - The overtones or series of pitches produced in addition to the fundamental. Every cymbal will have a different percentage of highs, lows and mid-range partials.
  • SUSTAIN - The duration of the sound before it decays. Bigger cymbals sustain longer than smaller models.
  • TIMBRE - The general sound characteristics of a cymbal. Pronounced TAM-ber, or TIM-ber.
  • TRASHY - Raw and dirty responses associated with chinese cymbals and some special models.
  • WARM - A softer response that focuses on a blend of low-pitched, musical tones.

Describing The Cymbal's State

  • DING / FLEABITE - Damage caused to the edge of the cymbal. This can be the result of a drop, or coming into contact with force.
  • KEYHOLE - Used to describe a mounting hole of the cymbal being out of round. Some keyholes are so bad that a metal grommet might be used to keep the damage from worsening. This is caused by the mounting hole coming into direct contact with the metal post of the cymbal stand. To avoid this condition, always use a cymbal sleeve, and inspect these often for wear.